Equalization: The purpose of the equalization basin is to equalize raw sewage from the various processing units. The effluent is collected in an existing combined septic tank and pumped to an existing aeration tank, which also acts as a balancing tank. The floating aerator is used to homogenize the wastewater before it is pumped to the neutralization basin for treatment.

pH CONTROL: The pH of the wastewater should be between 5.5 and 9.0, according to the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The purpose of pH neutralization is to change the pH of the wastewater.

For wastes that are acidic (low pH): Bases are used to change the pH of a solution.

For wastes that are alkaline (high pH): Acids are used to change the pH of a solution.

Coagulation: Coagulation is a technique in which liquid aluminium sulphate is added to untreated water. This causes tiny particles of dirt to stick together after mixing. This accumulation of particles combines to form larger, heavier particles that can be easily removed by settling and filtering.

Sedimentation: Sedimentation is used to collect and settle solids, which are then transported to drying beds.

Disinfections: Before the water enters the distribution system, it is disinfected. Chlorine is used to disinfect and decontaminate the water.

Sludge Drying: In this process, the water moves slowly, causing the heavy particles to settle to the bottom. Sludge is the term for the particles that accumulate at the bottom of a tank.

Filtration: In filtration, the water is passed through a filter that removes the particles. Filters are constructed of layers of sand and gravel. Backwashing is required to clean these filters on a regular basis.

DAF systems are made to take out oils and greases (O&G), total suspended solids (TSS), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from a wastewater stream. By injecting air under pressure into a recycle stream of clarified DAF effluent, contaminants are removed using a dissolved air-in-water solution. The incoming wastewater is then combined with the recycle stream in an internal contact chamber, where the dissolved air emerges from the solution as micron-sized bubbles that adhere to the contaminants. A surface skimmer removes this floating bed of material into an internal hopper for further processing after the bubbles and contaminants rise to the surface and form it.

Clarifiers are tanks designed with a system for continuously removing solids that have been left behind by sedimentation while filtering water. The liquid is typically clarified and thickened by removing the solid particles from it. Sludge and scum are two different terms for the concentrated impurities that are discharged from the tank’s bottom and the floating particles that do the same.

Desalination is the procedure used to remove the dissolved mineral salts from water. Currently, one of the most popular methods for obtaining fresh water for use in agriculture or human consumption when applied to seawater. Desalination happens naturally as part of the water cycle when seawater evaporates, leaving behind salt and generating clouds that result in rain. Aristotle noted that seawater would evaporate and condense into fresh water, and Da Vinci understood that it was simple to obtain using a still. Seawater desalination was primarily used on ships and submarines over the following centuries to supply the crew with fresh water during lengthy voyages.